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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 88(6): 382-388, dic. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530037

ABSTRACT

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre la transición a la menopausia y los trastornos del estado de ánimo, específicamente la ansiedad y la depresión. Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura relevante sobre la transición a la menopausia y los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Se revisaron estudios que se enfocaron en el impacto de los cambios hormonales durante la menopausia en el bienestar psicológico y se evaluaron diversas opciones de tratamiento para los trastornos del estado de ánimo. La disminución de los niveles hormonales de estrógenos y progesterona durante la menopausia puede llevar a diversos cambios psicológicos, como ansiedad y depresión. La terapia hormonal con estrógenos solo o en combinación con progesterona puede mejorar los síntomas depresivos en mujeres en la menopausia, pero este tratamiento no está exento de riesgos. Otros tratamientos no hormonales, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual, el ejercicio y una buena higiene del sueño, también pueden ser efectivos para manejar los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Se concluyó que existe una compleja interacción entre factores hormonales, biológicos y psicosociales para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas que mejoren el bienestar psicológico de las mujeres en la menopausia.


This study aimed to examine the relationship between menopause transition and mood disorders, specifically anxiety and depression. The authors conducted a narrative review of relevant literature on menopause transition and mood disorders. They reviewed studies that focused on the impact of hormonal changes during menopause on psychological well-being and evaluated various treatment options for mood disorders. The decline in estrogen and progesterone hormone levels during menopause can lead to various psychological changes, such as anxiety and depression. Hormonal therapy with estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone can improve depressive symptoms in menopausal women, but this treatment is not without risks. Other non-hormonal treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise, and good sleep hygiene, can also be effective in managing mood disorders. The study highlights the need for recognition of the complex interplay between hormonal, biological, and psychosocial factors in developing effective interventions to improve the psychological well-being of menopausal women. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential relationship between menopause transition and mood disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Menopause/psychology , Depressive Disorder/complications , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Mood Disorders/psychology , Perimenopause
2.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1417500

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to observe the effects of 17 ß-estradiol replacements on the fecal microbiota in spayed cats. Individual samples of fresh feces were collected and stored at -80° C. Sequencing of the V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio was lower in the group receiving estrogen replacement compared to the SHAM group (P = 0,005). Jaccard index (P = 0.123) and Yue & Clayton index (P = 0.094) did not reveal alpha and beta diversity differences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) identified Firmicutes and MegasPhaera as the biomarkers for the SHAM group, and Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria unclassified and Collinsella for the group receiving estrogen replacement.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi observar os efeitos da reposição de 17 ß-estradiol na microbiota fecal de gatas castradas. Amostras individuais de fezes frescas foram colhidas e armazenadas a -80°C. Foi realizado o sequenciamento das regiões V3/V4 do gene 16S rRNA e a análise bioinformática. A razão Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes foi menor no grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica em comparação ao grupo SHAM (P = 0,005). O índice de Jaccard (P = 0,123) e o índice de Yue & Clayton (P = 0,094) não revelaram diferenças na alfa e beta diversidade. A análise discriminatória linear de tamanho do efeito (LefSe) identificou Firmicutes e Megasphaera como biomarcadores para o grupo SHAM, e Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria não classificada e Collinsella para o grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cats , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/veterinary
3.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 43(1): 7-11, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430686

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To assess the status of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) of premature ovarian insufficiency women (POI women) and the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study with 150 women with POI was performed. Pelvic floor muscle assessment was performed with the PERFECT scale. The subscales POPDI-6 and CRADI-8 of the questionnaire Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used for pelvic floor symptoms focused on FI and POP. Moreover, FI and POP were also assessed as dichotomous variables (yes/no). Results: Women with FI and POP did not present differences in the PFM assessment across P (p = 0.61), E (p = 0.78), R (p = 0.22), and F (p = 0.79) variables when compared with women with POI; no differences were also seen between women with and without POP according the pelvic muscles: P (p = 0.91), E (p = 0.99), R (p = 0.62), and F (p = 0.10). Women with FI and POP presented higher scores in all PFDI-20 subscales and total score when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle assessment within POI women with or without FI or POP did not differ. However, PF symptoms are more severe in the FI or POP groups. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Fecal Incontinence , Pelvic Organ Prolapse , Health Profile , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Pelvic Floor Disorders
4.
Femina ; 50(2): 72-90, 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366123

ABSTRACT

As diferenças ou distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual (DDS) compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de condições congênitas que resultam na discordância entre os cromossomos sexuais, as gônadas e/ou o sexo anatômico de um indivíduo. A classificação desses distúrbios é baseada no cariótipo conforme o Consenso de Chicago de 2006 e substitui os termos pseudo-hermafroditismo, hermafroditismo e intersexo. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer ao ginecologista conhecimentos básicos sobre a etiologia, fisiopatologia e orientações das principais anormalidades de DDS para uma avaliação diagnóstica e terapêutica no atendimento de mulheres na infância, adolescência e em idade adulta com cariótipo 46,XY. O diagnóstico deve ser realizado pela interação entre o exame clínico as dosagens hormonais, os exames de imagem e a análise genética, desde o cariótipo até o estudo de alterações dos genes por técnicas de biologia molecular. O tratamento é realizado de acordo com a etiologia e inclui intervenções cirúrgicas como a gonadectomia e plásticas sobre a genitália externa, terapia de reposição hormonal e apoio psicológico. São necessárias a individualização dos casos e uma equipe interdisciplinar, para um atendimento adequado às mulheres com cariótipo 46,XY.(AU)


Differences or disorders of sexual development (DSDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions that result in the disagreement between an individual's sex chromosomes, gonads and/or anatomic sex. The classification of these disorders is based on the karyotype according to the 2006 Chicago Consensus and replaces the terms pseudohermaphroditism, hermaphroditism and intersex. The aim of this review is to provide the gynecologist with basic knowledge about the etiology, pathophysiology and guidelines of the main abnormalities of DDS for a diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation in the care of women in childhood, adolescence and adulthood with a karyotype 46,XY. The diagnosis must be made by the interaction between clinical examination hormonal measurements, imaging and genetic analysis from the karyotype to the study of gene alterations by molecular biology techniques. Treatment is carried out according to the etiology and includes surgical interventions such as gonadectomy and plastic surgery on the external genitalia, hormone replacement therapy and psychological support. Individualization of cases and an interdisciplinary team are required to provide adequate care for women 46,XY karyotype.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY , Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase/deficiency , Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/diagnosis , Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/etiology , Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/physiopathology , Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/therapy
6.
Revagog (Impresa) ; 3(2): 60-61, Abr-Jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1344618

ABSTRACT

Más de nueve millones de sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama en todo el mundo sufren un deterioro en la calidad de vida atribuible a los síntomas de la menopausia relacionados con el déficit de los estrógenos y con los efectos secundarios de la terapia contra el cáncer. La terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) es muy eficaz para controlar estos síntomas en la población general y en las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, la preocupación de la recurrencia del cáncer de mama como resultado del uso de TRH impide que muchos oncólogos utilicen este enfoque en el tratamiento de los síntomas menopáusicos. La evidencia de ensayos aleatorizados, estudios observacionales y meta-nálisis sobre el impacto del uso de TRH en la recurrencia y supervivencia del cáncer de mama sigue siendo controvertida.


More than nine million breast cancer survivors in everyone suffers a deterioration in the quality of life attributable to the symptoms of menopause related to the deficiency of the estrogens and with the side effects of anti-estrogen therapy Cancer. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is very effective in controlling these symptoms in the general population and in survivors of breast cancer. However, the concern of recurrence of breast cancer as a result of the use of HRT prevents many oncologists use this approach in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Evidence from randomized trials, observational studies, and meta-analysis on the impact of the use of HRT on recurrence and Breast cancer survival remains controversial


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Menopause/drug effects , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Survivors , Estrogens/pharmacology , Life Style
7.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 31: 31206, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291278

ABSTRACT

A menopausa é decorrente da queda gradativa de secreção hormonal ovariana e, nesse período, muitas mulheres apresentam sintomas que comprometem a qualidade de vida. A terapia hormonal (TH) surgiu como importante ferramenta para amenizar a sintomatologia climatérica. No entanto, foram levantadas suspeitas sobre a correlação entre o tratamento e o aumento do risco do câncer de mama (CM). O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a relação entre CM e TH, abrangendo as implicações da terapia nos sintomas da menopausa, na incidência da neoplasia e na mortalidade. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, em que foram buscados artigos publicados entre julho de 2010 e julho de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO. Os principais tipos de TH são o estrogênio isolado e o combinado com progesterona. Nos estudos analisados, a terapia combinada foi relacionada à maior incidência de CM quando comparada ao regime estrogênico. De acordo com a literatura, modificações na densidade mamográfica, induzidas pela TH, podem elevar o risco para carcinoma mamário. Os artigos relataram que fatores além da terapia hormonal, como o estilo de vida, podem interferir na incidência de CM e devem ser analisados individualmente. A mortalidade por CM influenciada pela TH não demonstrou aumento significativo. No geral, a TH foi considerada o tratamento mais eficaz para aliviar sintomas climatéricos. Entretanto, estudos a longo prazo que analisem os riscos e a confiabilidade da terapia devem ser estimulados, a fim de indicar a terapêutica mais segura e evitar intervenções indevidas.


Menopause is due to the gradual drop in ovarian hormonal secretion, and, during this period, many women have symptoms that compromise quality of life. Hormone therapy (HT) has emerged as an important tool to alleviate climacteric symptoms. However, suspicions were raised about the correlation between treatment and the increased risk of breast cancer (BC). The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between BC and HT, covering the implications of therapy for menopausal symptoms, the incidence of neoplasia and mortality. This is a narrative review of the literature, in which articles published between July 2010 and July 2020 were searched for in the LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases. The main types of HT are estrogen alone and combined formula with progesterone. In the studies analyzed, combined therapy was related to a higher incidence of BC when compared to the estrogenic regimen. According to the literature, changes in mammographic density, induced by HT, can increase the risk for breast carcinoma. The articles reported that factors other than hormone therapy, such as lifestyle, can interfere with the incidence of BC and should be analyzed individually. Mortality from BC influenced by HT did not show a significant increase. Overall, HT was considered to be the most effective treatment for relieving climacteric symptoms. Although, long-term studies that analyze the risks and reliability of therapy should be encouraged in order to indicate the safest therapeutics and to avoid unnecessary interventions.


Subject(s)
Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Climacteric , Menopause , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Hormones
8.
In. Castillo Pino, Edgardo A. Manual de ginecología y obstetricia para pregrados y médicos generales. Montevideo, Oficina del Libro-FEFMUR, 2 ed; 2021. p.247-253.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1372543
11.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 12: 311-318, jan.-dez. 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1051220

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a sintomatologia climatérica em mulheres com doença arterial coronariana. Métodos: Participaram quarenta (40) mulheres, clientes do Ambulatório de Cardiologia do Hospital da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Menopausa. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade São Paulo sob o número 293.900. Resultados: Os sintomas mais frequentes relatados foram ansiedade, mal estar no coração, irritabilidade, problemas musculares e nas articulações. Os sintomas mais intensos foram os problemas musculares e nas articulações, ansiedade, mal estar no coração, esgotamento físico e mental. A média de escore dos sintomas psicológicos foi 23,8; nos sintomas somáticos foi 23,6 e nos sintomas urogenitais foi 9,2. Conclusão: Os sintomas climatéricos parecem ser confundidos com problemas inerentes à idade e percebidos com mais intensidade na presença de doenças, inclusive a doença arterial coronariana


Objective: to Analyze the climate symptoms in women with coronary artery disease. Methods: participated in 40 (40) women, Cardiology outpatient clinic of the Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão. It was menopause assessment scale. Research approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the school of nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo under number 293.900. Results: The most frequent symptoms reported were anxiety, malaise in the heart, irritability, muscle and joint problems. The most intense symptoms were the muscle problems and joint pain, anxiety, malaise in the heart, physical and mental exhaustion. The average score of the psychological symptoms was 23.8; somatic symptoms was 23.6 and urogenital symptoms was 9.2. Conclusion: climate symptoms seem to be confused with inherent problems of age and perceived with more intensity in the presence of diseases, including coronary artery disease


Objetivo: analizar los síntomas de clima en mujeres con enfermedad arterial coronaria. Métodos: participaron en 40 (40) mujeres, clínica de consulta externa de Cardiología del Hospital de la Universidad Federal de Maranhão. Fue la escala de evaluación de la menopausia. Investigación aprobado por el Comité de ética de investigación de la escuela de enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, Universidad de São Paulo bajo número 293.900. Resultados: informaron de los síntomas más frecuentes fueron ansiedad, malestar en el corazón, irritabilidad, problemas musculares y la articulaciones. Los síntomas más intensos fueron los problemas musculares y dolor en las articulaciones, ansiedad, malestar en el corazón, agotamiento físico y mental. La puntuación media de los síntomas psicológicos fue 23,8; síntomas somáticos fue 23.6 y síntomas urogenitales 9.2. Conclusion: clima síntomas parecen ser confundidos con problemas inherentes de la edad y percibe con más intensidad en la presencia de enfermedades, incluyendo enfermedad arterial coronaria


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease , Climacteric , Coronary Disease , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Risk Factors , Women's Health , Symbolic Interactionism
12.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20190148, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135107

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nos países que controlaram as causas clássicas de óbito materno, como eclâmpsia e hemorragia, o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) passou a ser a principal preocupação. A prevenção do TEV na gestação e no puerpério, por meio de diretrizes e da instituição de farmacoprofilaxia, é ainda a melhor estratégia para reduzir essa complicação. Os contraceptivos hormonais e a terapia de reposição hormonal também aumentam o risco de TEV; porém, as mulheres não podem ser privadas dos benefícios dessas terapias, que as tornam mais livres na idade fértil e menos sintomáticas na menopausa. Tanto o uso indiscriminado quanto a proibição imotivada são inadequados. A escolha dos métodos contraceptivos e de reposição deve ser feita por criteriosa seleção, avaliando as contraindicações, os critérios de elegibilidade e a autonomia das pacientes. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão não sistemática da literatura recente visando a avaliar e resumir a associação entre TEV e situações clínicas peculiares ao sexo feminino.


Abstract In countries that have controlled classic causes of maternal death, such as eclampsia and hemorrhage, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become the major concern. Prevention of VTE during pregnancy and postpartum by applying guidelines and implementing pharmacoprophylaxis is still the best strategy to reduce occurrence of this complication. Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy also increase the risk of VTE, but women cannot be deprived of their benefits, which increase their freedom at childbearing age and reduce their symptoms at menopause. Both indiscriminate use and unmotivated prohibition are inappropriate. Contraceptive and hormone replacement methods should be chosen with care, evaluating the patients' contraindications, eligibility criteria, and autonomy. This article presents a nonsystematic review of recent literature with the aim of evaluating and summarizing the associations between VTE and clinical situations peculiar to women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Contraceptive Agents, Female/adverse effects , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
13.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 78: e1781, dez. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489601

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e o consumo alimentar de mulheres climatéricas não usuárias de terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH), de acordo com os períodos climatéricos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal em 95 mulheres climatéricas residentes em três municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos por meio de entrevista, além de dados antropométricos e de consumo alimentar. A média etária foi de 52,5 ± 5,85 anos, 77,9% estudaram 8 ou mais anos, 76,8% possuíam renda familiar de até três salários mínimos, 70,5% possuíam cônjuge e 60% não tiveram nenhum ou até dois partos. Foi observada frequência de excesso de peso e de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em mais de 65% das mulheres. A presença de comorbidades (p = <0,001) foi mais frequentes nas mulheres pós-menopáusicas. Quanto à ingestão de lipídios e ácidos graxos saturados, observou-se maior consumo excessivo nas pré- e peri-menopáusicas (p = 0,042 e p = 0,022, respectivamente). Os achados do estudo demonstram a importância da prevenção de DCV independentemente do período climatérico e da utilização de TRH.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the dietary intake in climacteric women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), according to the climacteric periods. This is a cross-sectional study involving 95 climacteric women living in three municipalities located in the Southwest region of Parana. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by interviews, in addiction to the anthropometric data and on the food consumption. The mean age was 52.5 ± 5.85 years, 77.9% studied for eight years or more, 76.8% had a family income of up to three minimum wages, 70.5% had a spouse, and 60% did not have any or up to two deliveries. Frequencies of overweight and risk for cardiovascular disease were observed in more than 65% of women. The occurrence of comorbidities (p = 0.001) was more frequent in postmenopausal women. With regard to the lipids and saturated fatty acids intake, a higher consumption in the preand peri-menopausal periods (p = 0.042 and p = 0.022 respectively). These findings demonstrate the importance of preventing CVD, independently of the climacteric period and the use of HRT.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Abdominal Circumference , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Energy Intake , Menopause , Obesity , Climacteric , Estrogen Replacement Therapy
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 84(6): 514-524, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092766

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes La terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) corresponde a la administración de hormonas exógenas para el tratamiento de síntomas asociados a climaterio y menopausia. Objetivo Analizar los estudios que dicen relación a THM y riesgo cardiovascular (CV) para entender el concepto de ventana de oportunidad cardiovascular, además analizar la fisiología de los estrógenos en el aparato CV es fundamental para una adecuada comprensión de su rol protector. Método revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed durante octubre de 2018, utilizando los términos "menopausal hormone therapy'' y ''cardiovascular disease'.Además se revisó base de datos Scielo con los términos "terapia hormonal'', ''menopausia'' y ''cardiovascular''; se escogieron artículos entre 2000 y 2018 con los términos utilizados en el título o resumen. También se realizó búsqueda dirigida de estudios relevantes, guías clínicas, un metanálisis, una revisión sistemática relacionada y las últimas publicaciones de sociedades científicas dela especialidad. Resultados Desde los inicios de la THM se observó en distintos estudios observacionales un papel en la protección CV. Los últimos años se ha ido demostrando a través de diversos estudios aleatorizados, a raíz de las dudas que dejó el WHI de 2002, los beneficios de esta. Conclusión La THM mejora la calidad de vida de las mujeres en climaterio y menopausia. Los estrógenos tienen mejor beneficio sobre enfermedad CV al administrar terapia precozmente luego de la menopausia (ventana de oportunidad) y mantenerla durante un tiempo prolongado de acuerdo a estudios observacionales y aleatorizados. Dado el aumento de la esperanza de vida de la mujer y múltiples FR CV, es que el manejo clínico de la postmenopausia es un relevante problema de salud pública.


SUMMARY Background Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the exogenous administration for climacteric and menopausal treatment. Objective To analyze studies in relation to THM and cardiovascular (CV) risk, to understand the ''cardiovascular window of opportunity'' concept, also, to analyze the physiology of estrogens into cardiovascular system is fundamental for a suitable comprehension of its protective role. Method Review of literature available on PubMed during October 2018, using the terms "menopausal hormone therapy" and "cardiovascular disease." In addition, Scielo database with the terms ''hormone therapy'', ''menopause'' and '' cardiovascular'' was reviewed; Articles were chosen between 2000 and 2018 with the terms used in the title or summary. A directed search of relevant studies, clinical guides, one meta-analysis, one related systematic review and the latest publications of scientific societies of the specialty was also conducted. Results Since beginning of MHT, a role in CV protection has been observed in different observational studies. Recent years have been demonstrated through various randomized studies, following the doubts left by the WHI of 2002, the benefits of MHT. Conclusion MHT improves the quality of life of women in climacteric and menopausal. Estrogen have better benefit on CV disease, by administering early therapy after menopausal and maintaining it for a long time. Given the women increase in life expectancy and multiple CV risk factors, clinical management of postmenopausal is a relevant public health problem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Menopause/drug effects , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Women's Health , Climacteric , Cardiovascular Diseases , Heart Disease Risk Factors
15.
Femina ; 47(11): 839-844, 30 nov. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046558

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de Turner decorre de uma anomalia dos cromossomos sexuais, afetando cerca de 1:2.500 nascidos vivos. A síndrome caracteriza-se principalmente por atraso do e denvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais e/ou amenorreia e baixa estatura. Entretanto, uma diversidade de estigmas também pode estar presente. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado com base nos estigmas da síndrome associados a um quadro de hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico e confirmado por meio do cariótipo ­ sendo esse classicamente 45,X (monossomia do cromossomo X). Entretanto, os mosaicos (45,X/46,XY ou 45,X/46,XX) podem representar 34% a 75% dos casos, dependendo do método de análise utilizado. Trata-se de uma condição rara correspondendo a 5% das disgenesia gonadais e apresenta um amplo espectro fenotípico. A importância da identificação de mosaicos, especialmente a presença do cromossomo Y, reside no manejo adequado da gônada disgenética para a prevenção da ocorrência de tumor gonadal, principalmente o gonadoblastoma, com considerável potencial maligno.(AU)


Turner's syndrome results from a sex chromosomes anomaly, affecting about 1:2,500 live births. The syndrome is characterized mainly by delayed development of sexual characteristics and/or amenorrhea and short stature. However, a variety of stigmas may also be presented. The diagnosis can be made based on the stigmas of the syndrome associated with a hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and confirmed by the karyotype ­ this being classically 45, X (monosomy of the X chromosome). However, mosaics (45,X/46,XY or 45,X/46, XX) may represent 34% to 75% of cases depending on the method of analysis used. It is a rare condition, corresponding to 5% of gonadal dysgenesis and presents a broad phenotypic spectrum. The importance of mosaic identification, especially the presence of the Y chromosome, lies in the proper management of the dysgenetic gonad for the prevention of the occurrence of gonadal tumor, especially gonadoblastoma, with considerable malignant potential.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Ovarian Neoplasms , Turner Syndrome , Gonadoblastoma/drug therapy , Gonadoblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Diagnosis , Amenorrhea , Gonadal Dysgenesis , Mosaicism
16.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(7): 449-453, July 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020606

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of estrogen alone or in combination with progestogens and tibolone (TIB) on the expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), of perlecan, and of heparanase (HPSE) of the vascular walls of the carotid arteries. Methods A total of 30 250-day-old ovariectomized Wistar rats were orally treated for 5 weeks with: a) 1 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate (EB); b) EB + 0.2 mg/kg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); c) EB + 0.2mg/kg of norethisterone acetate (NETA); d) EB + 2 mg/kg of dydrogesterone (DI); e) 1 mg/kg of TIB; f) placebo (CTR). Following treatment, the expression of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9, and HPSE was analyzed by realtime polymerase chain-reaction (PCR), and the expression of MMP-2, of MMP-9, of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and of perlecan was quantified by immunohistochemistry in the carotid arteries. Results The groups showed significant differences on mRNA HPSE expression (p = 0.048), which was higher in the EB, EB + MPA, and TIB groups. There was no statistically significant difference in mRNA MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, of TIMP-2, of MMP-9, of HPSE, and of perlecan showed no differences between groups. Conclusion Estradiol alone or associated with MPA and TIB treatment can increase mRNA HSPE expression of the walls of the carotid arteries in ovariectomized rats.


Resumo Objetivo Analisar os efeitos do estrogênio isolado ou em combinação com progestogênios e tibolona (TIB) na expressão das metaloproteinases 2 e 9 da matriz extracelular (MMP-2 e MMP-9), da perlecan e da heparanase (HPSE) das paredes vasculares das artérias carótidas. Métodos Trinta ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas com 250 dias de idade foram tratadas oralmente por 5 semanas com: a) 1 mg/kg de benzoato de estradiol (EB); b) EB + 0,2 mg/kg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA); c) EB + 0,2mg/kg de acetato de noretisterona (NETA); d) EB + 2 mg/kg de didrogesterona (DI); e) 1 mg/kg de TIB; f) placebo (CTR). Após o tratamento, a expressão de mRNA para MMP-2, MMP- 9, e HPSE foi analisada por reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP) em tempo real, e a expressão de MMP-2, MMP-9, inibidor tecidual de metaloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), e de perlecan foi quantificado por imunohistoquímica em artérias carótidas. Resultados Os grupos apresentaram diferenças significativas na expressão do mRNA HPSE (p = 0,048), sendo maiores nos grupos EB, EB + MPA e TIB. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas expressões de mRNA MMP-2 ou MMP-9. A expressão imunohistoquímica de MMP-2, TIMP-2, MMP-9, HPSE e perlecan não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão O estradiol isolado ou associado ao tratamento com MPA e TIB pode aumentar a expressão de mRNA HSPE nas paredes das artérias carótidas em ratas ovariectomizadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Progestins/pharmacology , Carotid Arteries/enzymology , Heparin Lyase/drug effects , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology , Norpregnenes/pharmacology , Progestins/administration & dosage , Ovariectomy , Carotid Arteries/drug effects , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Rats, Wistar , Heparin Lyase/genetics , Heparin Lyase/metabolism , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/drug effects , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/drug effects , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Models, Animal , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Estradiol/pharmacology , Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage , Norpregnenes/administration & dosage
18.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 12(1): 26-28, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-982035

ABSTRACT

La definición de sangrado ginecológico anormal durante terapia hormonal de la menopausia es aquel sangrado no programado durante el uso de la terapia. Este artículo es un pauteo que describe: 1) cuándo diagnosticar unsangrado anormal, ya que difiere según el tipo de esquema hormonal utilizado; 2) eldiagnóstico diferencial del origen del sangrado anormal; 3) los métodos de evaluación para diagnosticar el origen del sangrado. Se destacan los aspectos principales para el diagnóstico diferencial entre patología orgánica versus disrupción endometrial debida al tratamiento hormonal. Además, se describen los ajustes posibles para resolver el sangrado cuando éste se debe a disrupción del endometrio.


Abnormal bleeding related to menopausal hormone therapy is defined as unscheduled bleeding during the use of the therapy. This article outlines when to diagnose an abnormal bleeding -as this differs according to the type of hormonal scheme used-, the differential diagnosis of the origin of abnormal bleeding, and the methods of evaluation to assess the origin of the bleeding. The main aspects are highlighted on the differentiation of organic pathology versus disruption of the endometrium due to treatment. Also, treatment adjustments to resolve bleeding when it is due to disruption of the endometrium are outlined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Menopause , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/adverse effects , Norpregnenes/adverse effects , Polyps/complications , Polyps/diagnosis , Endometrial Neoplasms/complications , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Endometrial Hyperplasia/complications , Endometrial Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Endometrium/diagnostic imaging , Metrorrhagia/etiology , Norpregnenes/therapeutic use
19.
Aletheia ; 51(1/2): 177-190, jan.-dez. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-966121

ABSTRACT

A menopausa, período da falência ovariana, aparece como um marco corporal desencadeando sinais e sintomas que necessitam de controle e avaliação para garantir qualidade de vida no processo do envelhecimento feminino. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as ações do estrogênio no período que caracteriza o climatério/menopausa, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, cujos descritores foram: ações do estrogênio, sinais/sintomas do climatério/menopausa e terapia de reposição hormonal. O estrogênio apresenta receptores em todos os órgãos e, portanto, atua nas características anatômicas, fisiológicas e emocionais; estimula o crescimento da massa óssea e muscular; atua como antioxidante; exerce ação cardioprotetora e neuroprotetora; contribui na vitalidade emocional e sexual. Com isso, percebe-se que no climatério ocorre uma redução drástica nos níveis de estrogênio, que culmina com a ausência estrogênica na menopausa e esse fato acarreta desequilíbrio de diferentes sistemas, até atingir uma nova adaptação.(AU)


Menopause appears as a body landmark in the aging process, where along with ovarian failure, it can trigger signs and symptoms that require control and evaluation to ensure a good quality of life. The objective of this work was to investigate how the estrogen actions in the period that characterize the climacteric / menopause. From an integrative review, the descriptors were: estrogenic effects, signs and symptoms of climacteric and menopause and hormone replacement therapy. Estrogen has receptors in all organs and, therefore, acts on anatomical, physiological and emotional characteristics; in determining bone and muscle mass growth; action as antioxidant; as cardioprotective and neuroprotective; contribution to emotional and sexual vitality. It was verified that in the climacteric occurs a reduction of the hormonal levels that culminates with the menopause and that the estrogen absence causes in disequilibrium of different systems, until reaching a new adaptation.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aging , Climacteric , Menopause , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Quality of Life , Sexuality , Hormones
20.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 11(4): 148-155, dic. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-968639

ABSTRACT

Turner syndrome (TS) is a common disorder (1/2.000 women) that affects multiple organs at different stages of life and needs a multidisciplinary approach. It can be present in women of all ethnicities and is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome that causes a haploinsufficiency of certain genes. Its main features consist of specific but variables physical characteristics, congenital heart defects, renal anomalies, middle and inner ear diseases, skeletal alterations, and from the endocrinological point of view, short stature and ovarian insufficiency. Given the comorbidities associated with TS, it has been estimated that they have an increased risk of mortality (up to 3 times more) and a reduction in life expectancy of approximately 13 years. Depending on the genotype, the abnormalities can become very subtle, in these cases the diagnosis is late, when the adolescent consults, for example, for primary amenorrhea or an adult woman for infertility. Once the diagnosis is confirmed by a karyotype, these patients must remain in pediatric control in a continuous way to investigate associated pathologies in a timely manner, with periodic evaluations by specialists, such as otolaryngologists, cardiologists, neurologists and endocrinologists, among others. Numerous advances in the care of these patients gave rise to new guidelines published in 2017. In this article we will comment on the main conditions associated with TS and its specific etiology, we will mention what is relevant regarding the genotype-phenotype relationship in this syndrome and we will discuss the fundamental aspects of the control of the TS patient, with emphasis on the treatment of short stature and ovarian insufficiency, as well as the cardiovascular aspects and those related to fertility.


El Síndrome de Turner (ST) es una patología frecuente (1/2.000 mujeres) que afecta múltiples órganos en distintas etapas de la vida y necesita un enfoque multidisciplinario. Se produce por una monosomía del cromosoma X que provoca una haploinsuficiencia de determinados genes. Sus características principales consisten en un fenotipo característico pero variable, con presencia de cardiopatías congénitas, anomalías renales, enfermedades del oído medio e interno, alteraciones esqueléticas, y del punto de vista endocrinológico, talla baja e insuficiencia ovárica. Dadas las comorbilidades asociadas al ST, principalmente cardiovasculares (CV), presentan mayor mortalidad con respecto a la población general (hasta 3 veces más). Dependiendo del genotipo, las anomalías pueden llegar a ser muy sutiles, realizándose en estos casos el diagnóstico en forma tardía, cuando la adolescente consulte, por ejemplo, por amenorrea primaria o una mujer adulta por infertilidad. Una vez confirmado el diagnóstico mediante un cariotipo, estas pacientes deben permanecer en control endocrinológico pediátrico en forma continua hasta la transición hacia adultos, con el fin de pesquisar patologías asociadas en forma oportuna. Por ello requieren evaluaciones periódicas por especialistas, tales como otorrinolaringólogos, cardiólogos, neuropsiquiatras, entre otros. Numerosos avances en el cuidado de estas pacientes, dieron origen a nuevas guías publicadas el 2017. En este artículo comentaremos sobre las principales condiciones asociadas al ST y su etiología específica, mencionaremos lo relevante respecto a la relación genotipo-fenotipo en este síndrome y discutiremos los aspectos fundamentales del control de la paciente con ST, haciendo énfasis en el tratamiento de la talla baja y la insuficiencia ovárica, así como los aspectos CV y los relacionados a fertilidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Turner Syndrome/complications , Turner Syndrome/diagnosis , Turner Syndrome/genetics , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology , Turner Syndrome/drug therapy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Estrogens/therapeutic use , Gonadal Dysgenesis/etiology , Growth Disorders/etiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology , Infertility, Female
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